Paper on Face Recognition

Review

• A. K. Jain, A. Ross, and S. Prabhakar, "An Introduction to Biometric Recognition," IEEE Trans. on CSVT, Special Issue on Image- and Video- Based Biometrics, August, 2003.
• W. Zhao, R. Chellappa, A. Rosenfeld, and P. J. Phillips,(2000) "Face Recognition: A Literature Survey", UMD CfAR Technical Report CAR-TR948.
• R. Chellappa, C.L. Wilson, and S. Sirohey, “Human and machine recognition of faces: a survey”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 83, pp. 705-741, May 1995.
• M. Yang, D. J. Kriegman, and N. Ahuja, "Detecting Face in Images: A Survey", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 34-58, Jan. 2002.
• E. Hjelmas, "Face Detection: A survey", Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Vol 83, pp. 236-274, 2001.
• J. Zhang, Y. Yan, and M. Lades, “Face Recognition: Eigenface, Elastic Matching, and Neural Net”, Proceedings of IEEE, Vol. 85, No. 9, pp.1423-1435, Sep. 1997.n
• R. Brunelli and T. Poggio, “Face recognition: features versus templates”, IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 15, No. 10, pp. 1042-1052, Oct. 1993.

XM2VTS

• Samy Bengio, Johnny Mariéthoz, and S. Marcel, "Evaluation of Biometric Technology on XM2VTS ", IDIAPRR 21, IDIAP, 2001.
• J. Matas, M. Hamouz, K. Jonsson, J. Kittler, C. Kotropoulos, and A. Tefas ,"Comparison of Face Verification Results on the XM2VTS Database", Proceedings of ICPR, 2000.

Feret

• P. J. Phillips, P. Grother, R. J. Micheals, D. M. Blackburn, E. Tabassi, M. Bone, "Face Recognition Vendor Test: Evaluation Reprot"
• P. J. Phillips, P. Grother, R. J. Micheals, D. M. Blackburn, E. Tabassi, M. Bone, "Face Recognition Vendor Test: Overview and Summary"
• P. J. Phillips, P. Grother, R. J. Micheals, D. M. Blackburn, E. Tabassi, M. Bone, "Face Recognition Vendor Test: Technical Appdndices"
• P. J. Phillips, H. Moon, S. A. Rizvi, and P. J. Rauss, "The Feret Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 22, No. 10, Oct. 2000.
• P. J. Phillips, H. Moon, and S. A. Rizvi, "The Feret Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms", Proceedings of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 137-143, 1997.
• P. J. Phillips, H. Moon, S. A. Rizvi, and P. J. Rauss, “The FERET Evaluation”, in Face Recognitioin: From Theory to Applications, H. Wechsler, P. J. Phillips, V. Bruce, F.F. Soulie, and T.S. Huang, Eds., Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1998.
• P. J. Phillips, P. J. Rauss, and S. Z. Der, “FERET (Face Recognition Technology) Recognition Algorithm Development and Test Results”, October 1996. Army Research Lab technical report 1995.
• P. J. Phillips, H. Moon, P. J. Rauss, and S. Rizvi, “The FERET Evaluation Methodology for Face Recognition Algorithms”.
• S. Rizvi, P. J. Phillips and H. Moon, “The FERET Verification Testing Protocol for Face Recognition Algorithms”.
• "The Face Recognition Technology (Feret) Database"

Eigenface

• M. Turk, "A Random Walk Through Eigenface", IEICE Trans. INF. & SYST., Vol. E84-D, No. 12, Dec. 2001.
• M. Turk and A. Pentland, "Eigenfaces for recognition", J. of Cognitive Neuroscience, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 71-86, 1991.
• M. Turk and A. Pentland, “Face recognition using eigenfaces”, Proceedings of IEEE, CVPR, pp. 586-591, Hawaii, June, 1991.
• I. Craw, N. Costen, T. Kato, and S. Akamatsu, “How Should We Represent Faces for Automatic Recognition?” IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 21, No.8, pp. 725-736, August 1999.
• A. Pentland, B. Moghaddam, T. Starner, “View-based and modular eigenspaces for face recognition”, Proceedings of IEEE, CVPR, 1994.
• B. Moghaddam and A. Pentland, "Face Recognition using View-Based and Modular Eigenspace", Automatic Systems for the Identification and Inspection of Humans, 2277, 1994.
• P. Hall, D. Marshall, and R. Martin, "Merging and Splitting Eigenspace Models," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 22, No. 9, pp. 1042-1049, 2002.
• A. Yilmaz and M. G?kmen, “Eigenhill vs. eigenface and eigenedge”, Pattern Recognition, Vol. 34, pp. 181-184, 2001.
• J. Yang, and J. Yang, "From Image Vector to Matrix: A Straightforward Image Projection Technique-IMPCA vs. PCA", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 35, 2002.
• T. Shakunaga, and K. Shigenari, "Decomposed Eigenface for Face Recognition under Various Lighting Conditions", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 864-871, 2001.
• J. B. Tenenbaum, and W. T. Freeman, "Separating Style and Sontent with Linear Models," Neural Computation, Vol. 12, pp. 1247-1283, 2000.
• W. T. Freeman, and J. B. Tenenbaum, "Learning Bilinear Models for Two-Factor Problems in Vision," Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 554-560, 1997.
• M. Alex, O. Vasilescu, and D. Terzopoulos, "Multilinear Analysis of Image Ensembles: TensorFaces," Proceedings of ECCV, pp. 447-460, 2002.
• H. Kim, D. Kim, and S. Y. Bang, "Face Retrieval Using 1st- and 2nd-Order PCA Mixture Model," Proceedings of ICIP, pp. 605-608, 2002.
• D. S. Turaga, and T. Chen, "Face Recognition Using Mixtures of Principal Components," Proceedings of ICIP, pp. 101-104, 2002.
• A. Lemieux, and M. Parizeau, "Experiments on Eigenfaces Robustness", Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 421-424, 2002.
• C. Chennubhotla, and A. Jepson, "Sparse PCA Extracting Multi-scale Structure from Data", Proceedings of ICCV, pp. 641-647, 2001.
• W. S. Yambor, B. A. Draper, and J. R. Beveridge, "Analyzing PCA-based Face Recognition Algorithm: Eigenvector Selection and Distance Measures",
• R. Gross, J. Yang, and A. Waibel, "Growing Gaussian Mixture Models for Pose Invariant Face Recognition," Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 1088-1091, 2000.
• C. Ki-Chung, K. S. Cheol, K. S. Ryong, “Face Recognition Using Principal Component Analysis of Gabor Filter Responses”, Proceedings of International Workshop on Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems, pp. 53-57, 1999.
• H. Boratschnig, L. Paletta, M. Prantl and Axel Pinz, "Active Object Recognition in Parametric Eigenspace", in: P.H. Lewis and M.S. Nixon (ed), Proc. Brit. Mach. Vision. Conf. pp 629-638, 1998.
• H. M. El-Bakry, M. A. Abo-Elsoud, "Integrating Fourier Descriptors and PCA with Neural Networks for Face Recognition", Seventh National Radio Science Conference, Feb. 2000.
• H. Peng and D. Zhang, "Dual EIgenspace Method for Human Face recognition", IEEE Electronics Letters, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp.283-284, 1997.
• L. J. Shen and H. C. Fu, "A Principal Component Based BDNN for Face Recognition", International Conference on Neiral Network, Vol. 3, pp. 1368-1372, 1997.
• S. Lee, S. Jung, J. Kwon, and S. Hong, "Face Detection and Recognition Using PCA", Proceedings of the IEEE Region 10 Conference, Vol. 1, pp. 84-87, 1999.
• E. Lizama, D. Waldoestl, and B. Nickolay, "An Eigenfaces-Based Automatic Face Recognition System", IEEE International Conference on Computational Cybernetics and Simulation, Vol. 1, pp. 174-177, 1997.
• A. Z. Kouzani, F. He, and K. Sammut, "MultiResolution Eigenface-Components", Proceedings of IEEE Region 10 Annual Conference. Speech and Image Technologies for Computing and Telecommunications, Vol. 1, pp. 353-356, 1997.
• P. Navarrete and J. Ruiz-del-Solar, "Eigenspace-based Recognition of Faces: Comparisons and A New Approach", Proceeddings of Image Analysis and Processing, pp. 42-47, 2001.

Fisher Face (LDA)

• V. Belhumeur, J. Hespanda, and D. Kiregeman, “Eigenfaces vs. fisherfaces: recognition using class specific linear projection”, IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 711-720, July 1997.
• W. Zhao, R. Chellapa, and P. Philips, “Subspace linear discriminant analysis for face recognition”, Technical Report CAR-TR-914, 1996.
• T. Cooke, "Two Variations on Fisher's Linear Discriminant for Pattern Recognition", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 268-273, Feb. 2002.
• Aleix M. Martinez, and Avinash C. Kark, “PCA versus LDA”, IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 228-233, Feb. 2001.
• M. Loog, R.P.W. Duin and R. Haeb-Umbach, "Multiclass Linear Dimension Reduction by Weighted Pairwise Fisher Criteria", IEEE Trans. PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 7, pp. 762-766, July 2001.
• K. Etemad, and R. Chellapa, “Discriminant analysis for recognition of human faces”, Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pp. 2148-2151, 1996.
• W. Zhao, R. Chellappa, and N. Nandhakumar, “Empirical performance analysis of linear discriminant classifiers”, Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 164-169, 1998.
• W. Zhao, R. Chellapa, and A. Krishnaswamy, "Discriminant analysis of principal components for face recognition", Proceedings of Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 336-341, 1998.
• W. Zhao, A. Krishnaswamy, R. Chellappa, D. Swet, and J. Weng, "Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components for Face Recognition", Face Recognition: From Theory to Application, H. Wechsler, P.J. Phillips, V. Bruce, F.F. Soulie, and T.S. Huang, eds., pp. 73-85, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1998.
• D.L. Swets and J. Weng, "Using Discriminant Eigenfeatures for Image Retrieval", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 18, No. 8, pp. 831-836, 1996.
• R.P.W. Duin,and R. Haeb-Umbach, "Multiclass Linear Dimension Reduction by Weighted Pairwise Fisher Criteria", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 7, pp. 762-766, July, 2001.
• C. Liu, and H. Wechsler, “A shape- and texture-based enhanced fisher classifier for face recognition”, IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 598-608, April, 2001.
• C. Liu, and H. Wechsler, “Gabor Feature Based Classification Using the Enhanced Fisher Linear Discriminant Model for Face Recognition”, IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 467-476, April, 2002.
• C. Liu, and H. Wechsler, "Gabor Feature Classifier for Face Recognition", Proceedings of ICCV, Vol. 2, pp. 270-275, 2001.
• H. Yu and J. Yang, “A direct LDA algorithm for high-dimensional data-with application to face recognition”, Pattern Recognition, Vol. 34, pp. 2067-2070, 2001.
• L. Chen, H. Liao, M. Ko, J. Liin, and G. Yu, "A New LDA-based Face Recognition System Which can Solve the Samll Sample Size Problem", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 33, No. 10, pp. 1713-1726, Oct. 2000.
• C. Liu and H. welchsler, "Enhanced Fisher Linear Discriminant Models for Face Recognition", Proceedings of ICPR, Vol. 2, pp. 1368-1372, 1998.
• H. Kim, D. Kim, and S. Y. Bang, "Face Recognition Using LDA Mixture Model", Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 486-489, 2002.
• Y. Bing, J. Lianfu, and C. Ping, "A New LDA-based Method for Face Recognition", Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 168-171, 2002.
• Y. Bing, C. Ping, and J. Lianfu, "Recognizing Faces with Expressions: Within-class Space and Between-class Space", Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 139-142, 2002.
• R. Huang, Q. Liu, H. Lu, and S. Ma, "Solving Small Sample Size Problem of LDA", Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 29-32, 2002.
• H. Kim, D. Kim, and S. Y. Bang, "Extensions of LDA by PCA Mixture Model and Class-Wise Features," Pattern Recognition, pp. 1095-1105, Vol. 36, 2003.

Bayesian

• B. Moghaddam, "Principal Manifolds and Probabilistic Subspaces for Visual Recognition", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 780-788, June 2002.
• B. Moghaddam, T. Jebara, and A. Pentland, “Bayesian Face Recognition”, Pattern Recognition, Vol. 33, pp. 1771-1782, 2000.
• B. Moghaddam, and A. Pentland, “Probabilistic Visual Learning for Object Representation”, IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 775-779, July, 1997.
• B. Moghaddam, C. Nastar, and A. Pentland, "Bayesian Face Recognition with Deformable Image Models", Proceedings of Image Analysis and Processing, pp. 26-35, 2001.
• B. Moghaddam, W. Wahid, and A. Pentland, “Beyond eigenface: probabilistic matching for face recognition”, Proceedings of Int’l Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG’98), pp. 30-35, April, 1998.

Other subspace methods

• Pong C. Yunen, and J.H. Lai, “Face representation using independent component analysis”, Pattern Recognition, Vol. 35, pp. 1247-1257, 2002.
• T. Kamei, "Face Retrieval by An Adaptive Mahalanobis Distance Using A Confidence Factor," Proceedings of ICIP, pp. 153-156, 2002.
• P. Comon, “Independent Component Analysis-A New Concept?”, Signal Processing, Vol. 36, pp. 287-314, 1994.
• M. S. Bartlett, T.J. Sejnowski, “Independent of Face Images: A Representation for Face Recognition”, Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Joint Symposium on Neural Computation, Pasadena, CA, May 17, 1997.
• B. J. Frey, A. Colmenarez, and T. S. Huang, “Mixtures of local linear subspaces for face recognition”, CVPR, 1998.
• D. Swets, J. Weng, “Using discriminant eigenfeatures for image retrieval”, IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 16, No. 8, pp. 831-836, August, 1996.
• C. Liu, and H. Wechsler, “Evolutionary persuit and its application to face recognition”, IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 570-582, June, 2000.
• M. Yang, N. Ahuja and D. Kriegman, “Face recognition using kernel eigenfaces”, Proceedings of ICIP, Vol. 1, pp. 37-40, 2000.
• Q. Liu, R. Huang, H. Lu and S. Ma, “Kernel-Based Optimized Feature Vectors Selection and Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition”, Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 362-365, 2002.
• A. Levy, and M. Lindenbaum, “Sequential Karhunen-Loeve basis extraction and its application to images”, IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol. 9, No. 8, pp. 1371-1374, August. 2002.
• A. Levy, and M. Lindenbaum, “Sequential Karhunen-Loeve basis extraction and its application to images”, Proceedings of ICIP, Vol. 2, pp. 456-460, 1998.
• K. Okada, C. Malsburg, "Analysis and Synthesis of Human Faces with Pose Variations by a Parametric Piecewise Linear Subspace Method", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 761-768, 2001.
• S. Z. Li, R. Xiao, Z. Li and H. Zhang, "Nonlinear Mapping from Multi-View Face Patterns to a Gaussian Distribution in a Low Dimensional Space", Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems, 2001. Proceedings. IEEE ICCV Workshop on , pp. 47-54, 2001.
• S. Z. Li, "Face Recognition Based on Nearest Linear Combinations", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 839-844, 1999.
• K. Lee, J. Ho and D. Kriegman, "Nine Points of Light: Acquiring Subspaces for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting", Proceedings of CVPR, Vol. 1, pp. 519-526, 2001.
• J. Li, S. Zhou, and C. Shekhar, "A Comparison of Subspace Analysis for Face Recognition," Proceedings of ICASSP, pp. 121-124, 2003.
  

Kernel

• B. Scholkopf, A. Smola, and K. Muller, "Nonlinear Component Analysis as a Kernel Eigenvalue Problem," Neural Computation, 10:1299-1310, 1998.
• B. Scholkopf, A. Smola, K. Muller, "Kernel Principle Component Analysis," In B. Scholkopf, C. Burges, and A. Smola, editors, Advances in Kernel Methods - Support Vector Learning, pages 327-352. MIT Press, 1999.
• G. Baudat, and F. Anouar, "Generalized Discriminant Analysis Using a Kernel Approach," Neural Computation, 12(10):2385-2404, 2000.
• S. Mika, G. Ratsch, J. Weston, B. Scholkopf, and K. Muller, "Fisher Discriminant Analysis with Kernels," In Y.-H. Hu, J. Larsen, E. Wilson, and S. Douglas, editors, Neural Networks for Signal Processing IX, pages 41--48. IEEE, 1999.
• J. Lu, K. N. Plataniotis, and A. N. Venetsanopoulos, "Face Recognition Using Kernel Direct Discriminant Analysis," IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, pp. 117-126, Vol. 14, No. 1, Jan. 2003.
• M. Yang, N. Ahuja and D. Kriegman, “Face recognition using kernel eigenfaces”, Proceedings of ICIP, Vol. 1, pp. 37-40, 2000.
• Q. Liu, R. Huang, H. Lu and S. Ma, “Kernel-Based Optimized Feature Vectors Selection and Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition”, Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 362-365, 2002.
• K. I. Kim, K. Jung, and H. J. Kim, "Face Recognition Using Kernel Principal Component Analysis," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, pp. 40-42, Vol. 9, No. 2, February, 2002.

• T. V. Gestel, J. Suykens, G. Lanckriet, A. lambrechts, B. D. Moor and J. Vandewalle, "Bayesian Framework for Least Squares Support Vector Machine Classifiers, Gaussian Processes and kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis," Neural Computation, May 2002.

• J. A. K. Suykens, T. Van Gestel, J. Vandewalle, and B. De Moor, "A Support Vector Machine Formulation to PCA Analysis and its Kernel Version," ESAT-SCD-SISTA, Technical Report 2002-68, 2002.

Independent Component Analysis

• M. S. Bartlett, J. R. Movellan, and T. J. Sejnowski, "Face Recognition by Independent Component Analysis," IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, pp. 1450-1464, Vol. 13, No. 6, Nov. 2002.
• K. Back, B. A. Draper, J. R. Beveridge, and K. She, "PCA vs. ICA: A Comparative on the Feret Data Set"
• M, S. Bartlett, and T. J. Sejnowski, "Learning Viewpoint Invariant Representations for Faces in an Attractor Network," Presented at the 18th Congnitive Science Society Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 12-15, 1996.
• H. S. Sahambi, and K. Khorasani, "A Neural-Network Appearance -Based 3-D Object Recognition Using Independent Component Analysis," IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, pp. 138-149, Vol. 14, No. 1, Jan. 2003.
• A. J. Bell, and T. J. Sejnowski, "An Information-maximisation Approach to Blind Separation and Blind Deconvolution," Neural Computation, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 1129--1159, 1995.
  
• T. Lee, M. S. Lewicki and T. J. Sejnowski, "ICA Mixture Models for Unsupervised Classification of Non-Gaussian Sources and Automatic Context Stitching in Blind Signal Separation," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 22, No. 10, pp. 1-12, Oct. 2000.

Mixture Gaussian

• C. Sanderson, "Face Processing & Frontal Face Verification," IDIAP Research Report, 2003.
• M. E. Tipping, "Mixtures of Probabilistic Principle Component Analyers," Neural Computation, vol. 11, pp. 443-482, 1999.
• M. E. Tipping and C. M. Bishop. "Probabilistic principal component analysis," Technical Report Woe-19, Neural Computing Research Group, Aston University, UK, 1997.
• C. M. Bishop, and M. E. Tipping, "A hierarchical Variable Model for Data Visualization," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, pp. 281-293, Vol. 20, No. 3,March, 1998.
• G. E. Hinton, P. Dayan, and M. Revow, "Modeling the Manifolds of Images of Handwritten Digits," IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, pp. 65-74, Vol. 8, No. 1, Jan. 1997.
• G. E. Hintion, M. Revow, and P. Dayan, "Recognizing Handwritten Digits Using Mixtures of Local Models," Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 7, pp. 1015-1022. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1995.

Elastic bunch graph matching

• L. Wiskott, J.M. Fellous, N. Kruger and C. von der Malsburg, "Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching," IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 19, No.7, pp. 775-779, July, 1997.
• L. Wiskott, J. Fellous, N. Kruger, and C.von der Malsburg, "Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching".
• L. Wiskott, J.M. Fellous, N. Kruger and C. von der Malsburg, "Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching," Proceedings of ICIP, Vol. 1, pp. 129-132, 1997.
• A. Tefas, C. Kotropoulos, and L. Pitas, "Using Support Vector Machines to Enhance the Perfornance of Elastic Graph Matching for Frontal Face Authentication", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 7, pp.735-746, 2001.
• A. Tefas, C. Kotropoulos and I. Pitas, "Using Support Vector Machines for Face Authentication Based on Elastic Graph Matching", Proceeding of ICIP, Vol. 1, pp. 29-32, 2000.
• C. L. Kotropoulos, A. Tefas, and I. Pitas, "Frontal Face Authentication Using Discriminating Grids with Morphological Feature Vectors", IEEE Trans. on MultiMedia, Vol. 2, pp. 14-26, March 2000.
• C. Kotropoulos, A. Tefas, and I. Pitas, "Frontal Face Authentication Using Morphological Elastic Graph Matching", IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 555-560, April 2000.
• P. T. Jackway, and M. hamed Deriche, "Scale-Space Properties of the Multiscale Morphological Dilation-Erosion", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 38-51, Jan. 1996.
• M. Lades, J. C. Vorbruggen, J. Buhmann, J. Lange, C. Malsburg, R. P. Wurtz and W. Konen. “Distortion Invariant Object Recognition in the Dynamic Link Architecture”, IEEE Trans. on Computers, Vol 42, No. 3, pp 300-311, 1993.
• J. G. Gaugman, "Complete Discrete 2-D Gabor Transforms by Neural Networks for Image Analysis and Compression", IEEE Trans. on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. 36, No. 7, July 1988.
• B. Duc, S. Fischer, and J. Bigun, "Face Authentication with Gabor Information on Deformable Graphs", IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp.504-516, April, 1999.
• N. Kruger, "An Algorithm for the Learning of Weights in Discrimination Functions Using a Priori Constraints", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 764-768, July 1997.
• R. Lee, J. Liu and J. You, "Face Recognition: Elastic Relation Encoding and Structural Matching", Proceedings of International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. 2, pp. 172-177, 1999.
• L. Wisckott, "Phantom Faces for Face Analysis", Proceedings of ICIP, Vol. 3, pp. 308-311, 1997.
• I. R. Fasel, and M. S. Bartlett, "A Comparison of Gabor Filter Methods for Automatic Detection of Facial Landmarks," Proceedings of International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 242-246, 2002.
• W. Konen, and E. S. Kruger, "ZN-Face: A System for access control using automatic face recognition," Proceedings of Int. Workshop on Face and Gusture Recognitino, 1995.

Locally Linear Embedding (LLE)

• S. T. Roweis and L. K. Saul, "Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction by Locally Linear Embedding," Science 290, 2323-2326, 2000.
• L. K. Saul, S. T. Roweis, "An Introduction to Locally Linear Embedding".
• A. Hadid, O. Kouropteva, and M. Pietikainen, "Insupervised Learning Using Locally Linear Embedding: Experiments with Face Pose Analysis," Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 111-114, Vol. 1, 2002.
• L. K. Saul and S. T. Roweis, "Think Globally, Fit Locally : Unsupervised Learning of Nonlinear Manifolds," Technical Report MS CIS-02-18, University of Pennsylvania, 2003.
• O. Kouropteva, O. Okun, and M. Pietikainen, "Classification of Handwritten Digits Using Supervised Locally Linear Embedding algorithm and Support Vector Machine,"
• J. B. Tenenbaum, V. D. Silva, and J. C. Langford, "A Global Geometric Framework for Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction," Science, 290(5500):2319--2323, 2000.

Active appearance model

• T. F. Cootes, G. J. Edwards, and C. J. Taylor, "Active Appearance Models," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 681-685, June, 2001.
• T. F. Cootes, and C. J. Taylor, "Constrained Active Appearance Models," Proceedings of ICCV, pp. 748-754, 2001.
• A. Lanitis, C. J. Taylor, and T. F. Cootes, “Automatic Interpretation and Coding of Face Images Using Flexible Models,” IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 743-756, July 1997.
• T. F. Cootes and C. J. Taylor, “Statistical Model of Appearance for Computer Vision,” Technical Report, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U. K., 2001.
• M. B. Stegmann, Active Appearance Models: Theory, Extensions and Cases, Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Richard Petersens Plads, Building 321, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, 2000.
• M. B. Stegmann, R. Fisker, B. K. Ersb鴏l, On Properties of Active Shape Models, Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Richard Petersens Plads, Building 321, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, 2000.
• N. Costen, T. Cootes, G. Edwards, and C. Taylor, "Simultaneous Extraction of Functional Face Subspaces,"Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 490-497, 1999.
• Y. Yacoob and L. Davis, “Recognizing Facial Expressions by Spatio-Temporal Analysis”, Proc. 12th Int’l Conf. Pattern Recognition, Vol. 1, pp. 747-749. Los Alamitos, Calif.: IEEE CS Press, 1994.
• M. Covell, “Eigen-points: Control-point location using principle component analysis”, In 2nd International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 1997, pp. 122-127, Killington, USA, 1996.
• T. F. Cootes, A. Hill, C. J. Taylor and J. Haslam, "The Use of Active Shape Model for Locating Structures in Medical Images".
• T. F. Cootes, G. Edwards and C. J. Taylor, "A Comparative Evaluation of Active Appearance Model Algorithms", In P. Lewis and M. Nixon, editors, 9 th British Machine Vison Conference, volume 2, pages 680--689, Southampton, UK, Sept. 1998. BMVA Press.
• A. Lantis, C.J. Taylor and T.F. Cootes, "A Unified Approach to Coding and Interpreting Face Images", Proceedings of ICCV, pp. 368-373, 1995.
• T. F. Cootes, C. J. Taylor, D. H. Cooper and J. Graham, "Active Shape Models-Their Training and Application", CVIU, Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 38-58, Jan. 1995.

Snake

• M. Kass, A. Wttkin, and D. Terzopoulos, "Sankes: Active Contour Models", International Journal of Computer Vision, pp. 321-331, 1998.

SVM

• A. Tefas, C. Kotropoulos, and L. Pitas, "Using Support Vector Machines to Enhance the Perfornance of Elastic Graph Matching for Frontal Face Authentication", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 7, pp.735-746, 2001.
• Christopher, and J. C. Burges, "A Tutorial on Support Vector Machines for Pattern Recognition".
• Y. Li, S. Gong, amd H. Liddell, "Support Vector Regression and Classification Based Multi-View Face Detection and Recognition", In IEEE Int. Conf. Oo Face & Gesture Recognition, pages 300--305, France, 2000.
• Z. Li, S. Tang, "Face Recognition Using Improved Pairwise Coupling Support Vector Machine,"

Wavelet

• M. J. Lyons, J. Budynek, and S. Akamatsu, "Automatic classification of single facial images", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, pp. 1357-1362, 1999.
• K. Ma, and Xioou Tang, "Discrete wavelet face graph matching", Proceedings of ICIP, Vol. 2, pp. 217-220, 2001.
• M. J. Lyons, J. Budynek, A. Plante, and S. Akamatsu, "Classifying facial attributes using a 2-D Gabor wavelet representation and discriminant analysis", Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 202-207, 2000.
• R. S. Feris, R. M. Cesar, and Jr., "Tracking facial features using Gabor wavelet networks", Proceedings XIII Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing, pp. 22-27, 2000,
• P. Kalocsai, H. Neven, and J. Steffens, "Statistical analysis of Gabor-filter representation", Proceedings of International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 360-365, 1998.
• B. Liu, and R. Chellappa, "Gabor attributes tracking for face verification", Proceedings of ICIP, Vol. 1, pp. 45-48, 2000.
• C. Liu, and H. Wechsler, "A Gabor feature classifier for face recognition", Proceedings of ICCV, Vol. 2, pp. 270-275, 2001.
• O. Ayinde, and Y. Yang, "Face Recognition Approach Based on Rank Correlation of Gabor-Filtered Images", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 35, pp. 1275-1289, 2002.
• Y. Fang, T. Tan, and Y. Wang, "Fusion of Global and Local Features for Face Verification", Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 382-385, 2002.
• B. Gokberk, L. Akarun, and E. Alpaydm, "Feature Selection for Pose Invariant Face Recognition", Proceedings of ICPR, 306-309, 2002.
• H. Wu, Y. Yoshida and T. Shioyama, "Optimal Gabor Filters for High Speed Face Identification", Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 107-110, 2002.
• B. Duc, S. Fischer and J. Bigun, "Face Authentication With Sparse Grid Gabor Information", Proceedings of ICASSP, Vol. 4, pp. 3053-3056, 1997.
• R. I. Fasel, M. S. Bartlett, and J. R. Movellan, "A comparison of Gabor filter methods for automatic detection of facial landmarks", Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 242-246, 2002.
• V. Kruger, and A. Happe, and G. Sommer, "Affine real-time face tracking using Gabor wavelet networks", Proceedings of ICPR, 2002.
• K. Hotta, T. Mishima, T. Kurita, and S. Umeyama, "Face matching through information theoretical attention points and its applications to face detection and classification", Proceedings of International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 34-39, 2000.
• S. Cruz-Llanas, J. Ortega-Garcia, E. Martinez-Torrico, and J. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, "Comparison of feature extraction techniques in automatic face recognition systems for security applications", Proceedings of International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, pp. 40-46, 2000.
• R. Fazel-Rezai, and W. Kinsner, "Image analysis and reconstruction using complex Gabor wavelets", 2000 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 440-444, 2000.

DCT

• C. Sanderson, K.K. Paliwal, "Fast feature extraction method for robust face verification," Electronics Letters , Volume: 38 Issue: 25 ,5, pp. 1648-1650, Dec 2002.
  
• Y. Nagasaka, A. Yoshikawa, and N. Suzumura, "Discrimination among Individuals Using Orthogonal Transformed Face Image," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Informaiton, Communications and Processing, Sep. 1997.
• Z. Pan, A. G. Rust, and H. Bolouri, "Image Redundancy for Neural Network Classification Using Discrete Cosine Transforms," Neural Networks, 2000. IJCNN 2000, Proceedings of the IEEE-INNS-ENNS International Joint Conference on , Volume: 3 , 2000.
  

Edge

• Y. Gao, and M. K.H. Leung, "Face Recognition Using Line Edge Map", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 764-779, June 2002.
• Y. Gao, M. K.H. Leung, "Line Segement Hausdorff Distance on Face Matching", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 35, pp. 361-371, 2002.
• D. P. Huttenlocher, G. A. Klanderman, and W. J. Rucklidge, "Comparing Images Using the Hausdorff Distance", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 15, No. 9, pp. 850-862, Sep. 1993.
• B. Takacs, "Comparing Face Images Using The Modified Hausdorff Distance", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 31, No. 12, pp. 1873-1881, 1998.
• D. P. Huttemlocher, and W. J. Rucklidge, "A multi-resolution technique for comparing images using the Hausdorff distance", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 705-706, 1993.
• D. P. Huttemlocher, G. A. Klanderman, and W. J. Rucklidge, "Comparing images using the Hausdorff distance under translation", Proceedins of CVPR, pp. 654-656, 1992.
• O. Jesorsky, K. J. Kirchberg, and R. W. Frischholz, "Robust Face Detection Using the Hausdorff Distance", Audio- and Video-Based Person Authentication - AVBPA 2001.

Optical Flow

• X. Liu, T. Chen, and B.V.K. V. Kumar, "Face Authentication for Multiple Subjects Using Eigenflow," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 36, pp. 313-328, 2003.
• X. Liu, T. Chen, and B.V.K. V. Kumar, "On Modeling Variations for Face Authentication," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 384-389, 2002.

Multi-Modalities

• A. Ross, and A. Jain, "Information Fusion in Biometrics," Pattern Recognition Letters, pp. 2115-2125, Vol. 24, 2003.
• U. M. Bubeck, "Multibiometric Authentication-An Overview of Recent Developments," 2003
• L. Hong, A. K. Jain, and S. Pankanti, "Can Multibiometrics Improve Performance?", Proc. of AutoID'99, pp. 59-64, Summit (NJ), USA, Oct. 1999.
• L. Hong and A. K. Jain, "Integrating Faces and Fingerprints for Personal Identification," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 20, No. 12, pp. 1295-1307, 1998.
• L. I. Kuncheva, C. J. Whitaker, C.A. Shipp, and R.P.W. Duin, "Is Independence Good for Combining Classifiers?", Proc. of ICPR, Vol. 2, pp. 168-171, 2001.
• A. K. Jain and A. Ross, "Learning User-Specific Parameters in a Multibiometrics System," Proc. of ICIP, 2002.
• E. S. Bigun, J. Bigun, B. Duc, and S. Fischer, "Expert Conciliation for Multimodal Person Authentication Systems Using Bayesian Statistics," Proc. AVBPA'97, pp. 291-300, March, 1997.
• A. Kumar, D. C. Wong, H. C. Shen, and A. K. Jain, "Personal Verification using Palmprint and Hand Geometry Biometric," Proc. of AVBPA'03.
• P. Verlinde, G. Chollet, "Comparing Decision Fusion paradigms Using k-NN Based Classifiers, Decision Trees and Logistic Regression in Multi-modal Identity Verification Application," Proc. of AVBPA'99, pp. 188-193, 1999.
• R. W. Frischholz, and U. Diechmann, "BioID: A Multimodal Biometric Identification System," IEEE Computer, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 64-68, 2000.
• U. Diechmann, P. Plankensteiner, and T. Wanger, "SESAM: A Biometric Person Identification System Using Sensor Fusion," Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 18, pp. 827-833, 1997.
• Y. Wang, T. Tan, and A. K. Jain, "Combining Face and Iris Biometrics for Identity Verification," Proc. of 4th Int'l Conf. on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication (AVBPA), Guildford, UK, June 9-11, 2003.
• S. Prabhakar, and A. K. Jain, "Decision-Level Fusion in Fingerprint Verification," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 35, pp. 861-874, 2002.
• J. Zhou, and D. Zhang, "Face Recognition by Combining Several Algorithms," Proc. of ICPR, pp. 497-500, 2002.
• T. Wark, S. Sridharan, and V. Chandran, "The Use of Temporal Speech and Lip Information for Multi-Modal Speaker Identification via Multi-Stream HMM's," Proc. of ICASSP, Vol. 6, pp. 2389-2392, 2000.
• M. Tistarelli, E. Grosso, "Active Face Recognition with a Hybrid Approach," Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 18, pp. 933-946, 1997.
• G. Valentini, F. Masulli, "Ensembles of Learning Machines."
• S. Kumar, J. Ghosh, M. M. Crawford, "Hierarchical Fusion of Multiple Classifier for Hyperspectral Data Analysis," Pattern Analysis & Application, pp. 210-220, 2002.
• T. Kam Ho, "The Random Subspace Method for Constructing Decision Forests," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 20, No. 8, pp. 832-844, August 1998.
• Y. S. Huang, and C. Y. Suen, "A Method of Combining Multiple Experts for the Recognition of Unconstrained Handwritten Numerals," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 90-94, Jan. 1995.
• K. Woods, W. Philip Kegelmeyer Jr., and K. Bowyer, "Combination of Multiple Classifiers Using Local Accuracy Estimates," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 405-410, April, 1997.
• W. P. Kegelmeyer, and K. Bowyer, "Combination of Multiple Classifier Using Local Accuracy Estimates," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 405-410, 1997.
• P. Roli, and G. Giacinto, "Design of Multiple Classifier Systems,"
• G. Giacinto, and F. Roli, "An Approach to the Automatic Design of Multiple Classifier Systems," Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 22, pp. 25-33, 2001.
• L. I. Kuncheva, "Switching Between Selection and Fusion in Combining Classifiers: An Experiment," IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B, Vol. 32, No. 2, April, 2002.
• X. Jing, D. Zhang, and J. Yang, "Face Recognition Based on A Group Decision-Making Combination Approach," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 36, pp. 1675-1678, 2003.
• L. Xu, A. Krzyzak, C. Y. Suen, "Method of Combining Multiple Classifiers and Their Applications to Handwriting Recognition," IEEE Trans. on System, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. 22, No. 3, 418-435, 1992.
• T. Kam Ho, J. Hull, S. Srihari, "Decision Combination in Multiple Classifier Systems," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 16, No.1, pp. 66-75, Jan. 1994.
• R. Brunelli, and D. Falavigna, "Person Identification Using Multiple Cues," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 17, No. 10, pp. 955-966, 1995.
• X. Lu, A. Jain, "Resampling for Face Recognition," Proc. of AVBPA, 2003.
• J. Kittler, J. Matas, K. Jonsson, M. Sanchez, "Combining Evidence in Personal Identity Verification Systems," Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 18, pp. 845-852, 1997.
• S. B. Yacoub, Y. Abdeljaoud, and E. Mayoraz, "Fusion of Face and Speech Data for Person Identity Verification," IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, pp. 1065-1074, Vol. 10, No. 5, September 1999.
• S. Ben-Yacoub, Y. Abdeljaoued, and E. Mayoraz, "Fusion of Face and Speech Data for Person Identity Verification," IDIAP-RR 99-03, 1999.
• J. Kitter, M. Hatef, R. P. Duin, and J. Matas, "On Combining Classifiers," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, pp. 226-239, Vol. 20, No. 3, March, 1998.
• L. I. Kuncheva, J. C. Bezdek, and R. P.W. Duin, "Decision Templates for Multiple Classifier Fusion: An Experimental Comparison," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 34, pp. 299-314, 2001.
• T. Hothorn, B. Lausen, "Double-Bagging: Combining Classifiers by Boostrap Aggregration," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 36, pp. 1303-1309, 2003.
• B. Duc, E. S. Bigun, J. Bigun, G. Maitre, and S. Fischer, "Fusion of audio and Video Information for Multi Modal Person Authentication," Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 18, pp. 835-843, 1997.
• D. Genoud, G. Gravier, F. Bimbot, and G. Chollet, "Combining Methods to Improve Speaker Verification Decision," IDIAP Research Report, 1996.
• J. Yang, J. Yang, D. Zhang, and J. Lu, "Feature Fusion: Parallel Strategy vs. Serial Strategy," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 36, pp. 1369-1381, 2003.
• L. Breiman, "Bagging Predictors," Technical Report, No. 421, Sep. 1994.
• L.I. Kuncheva, F. Roli, G.L. Marcialis, and C. A. Shipp, "Complexity of Data Subsets Generated by the Random Subspace Method: An Experimental Investigation," Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2001.
• F. Roli, G. Giacinto, and G. Vernazza, "Methods for Designing Multiple Classifier Systems," Proc. of the Second International Conference on Multiple Classifier Systems, 2001.
• G. Giacinto, and F. Roli, "Dynamic Classifier Selection," Proc. of the First International Conference on Multiple Classifier Systems, 2000.
• J. Kittler, "A Framework for Classifier Fusion: Is it Still Needed?", 2000.
• T. Kam Ho, "Data Complexity Analysis for Classifier Combination," Proc. of the Second International Conference on Multiple Classifier System, 2001.
• M. Skurichina, L. I. Kuncheva, and R.P.W. Duin, "Bagging and Boosting for the Nearest Mean Classifier: Effects of Sample Size on Diversity and Accuracy," Proc. of the Third International Conference on Multiple Classifier System, 2002.
• M. Skurichina, L. I. Kuncheva, and R.P.W. Duin, "Bagging, Boosting, and the Random Subspace Method for Linear Classifier," Pattern Analysis and Applications, 2002.
• D. Partridge, and W. B. Yates, "Engineering Multiversion Neural-Net Systems," Neural Computation Vol. 8, pp. 869-893, 1996.

Pairwise

• T. Hastie, and R. Tibshirani, "Classification by Pairwise Coupling," Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 1998.
• M. Moreira, E. Mayoraz, "Improved Pairwise Coupling Classification with Correcting Classifiers," IDIAP Research Report, European Conference on Machine Learning, Ocr. 1997.
• T. G. Dietterich, "Solving Multiclass Learning Problems vis Error-Correcting Output Codes," Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 2 (1995), pp. 263-286.
• F. Masulli, nad G. Valentini, "Evaluating Dependence among Output Errors in EOOC Learning Machines," D.I.S.I. Technical Report DISI-TR-01-05.

Random Subspace

• M. Skurichina, and R. P. W. Duin, "Bagging, Boosting and the Random Subspace Method for Linear Classifiers," Pattern Analysis & applications, pp. 121-135, 2002.
• M. Skurichina, and R. P.W. Duin, "Bagging and the Random Subspace Method for Redundant Feature Space," Second International Workshop, MCS 2001 Cambridge, UK, July 2-4, 2001, Proceedings.
• T. Kam Ho, "Nearest Neighbour in Random Subspace," Intelligent Data Analysis, 3, pp. 191-209, 1999.
• L. I. Kuncheva, F. Roli, G.L. Marialis, and C. A. Shipp, "Complexity of Data Subsets Generated by the Random Subspace Method: An Experimental Investigation," Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2001.
• L. I. Kuncheva, "Feature Subsets for Classifier Combination: An Enumerative Experiment," Second International Workshop, MCS 2001 Cambridge, UK, July 2-4, 2001, Proceedings, 2001.
  

Illuminations

• R. Ramamoorthi, "Analytic PCA Construction for Theoretical Analysis of Lighting Variability in Images of a Lambertian Object," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 24, No. 10, Oct. pp. 1322-1333, 2002.
• A. Shanshua, and T. Riklin-Raviv, "The Quotient Image: Class-Based Re-Rendering and Recognition with Varying Illuminations", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 2, 2001.
• A. S. Georghiades, P. N. Belhumeur, and D. J. Kriegman, "From Few to Many: Illumination Cone Models for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting and Pose", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 643-660, June 2001.
• Q. Zheng and R. Chellapa, "Estimation of Illuminant Direction, Albedo, and Shape from Shading", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 13, No. 7, pp. 680-702, July 1991.
• H. F. Chen, P. N. Belhumeur, and D. W. Jacobs, "In Search of Illumination Invariants".
• P. N. Belhumeur, and D. J. Kriegman, "What is the Set of Images of an Object Under All Possible Lighting Conditions?", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 270-277, 1996.
• A. S. Georghiades, P. N. Belhumeur, and D. J. Kriegman, "Illumination-Based Image Synthesis: Creating Novel Images of Human Faces Under Differing Pose and Lighting", Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Multi-View Modeling and Analysis of Visual Scenes, pp. 47-54, 1999.
• A. Yuile and D. Snow, "Shape and Albedo from Multiple Images Using Integrability", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 158-164, 1997.
• P. N. Belhumeur, D. J. Kriegman, A. L. Yuille, "The Bas-Relief Ambiguity", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 1060-1066, 1997.
• D. W. Jacobs, P. N. Belhumeur, and Ronen Basri, "Comparing Images Under Variable Illumination", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 610-617,
• Y. Adini, Y. Moses and S. Ullman, "Face Recognition: the Problem of Compensating for Changes in Illumination Direction", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 721-732, July 1997.
• Y. Adini, Y. Moses and S. Ullman, "Face Recognition: the Problem of Compensating for Changes in Illumination Direction".
• J. J. Atick, P. A. Griffin, and A. N. Redlich, "Statistical Approach to Shape from Shading: Reconstruction of 3D Face Surfaces From Single Images".
• R. Basri, and D. Jacobs, "Lambertian Reflectance and Linear Subspaces", Tech. Rep..
• W. Zhao, R. Chellappa, "Robust Face Recognition Using Symmentric Shape-from-Shading".
• W. Zhao, and R. Chellappa, "SFS Based View Synthesis for Robust Face Recognition", Proceedings of International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 285-292, 2000.
• W. Zhao, and R. Chellappa, "Illumination-Insensitive Face Recognition Using Symmetric Shape-from-Shading", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. Vol. 1, 286-293, 2000.
• M. Bichsel, "Illumination Invariant Object Recognition", Proceedings of ICIP, pp. 620-623, 1995.
• S. K.Nayar, and H. Murase, "Dimensionality of Illumination Manifolds in Eigenspace," Technical Reprot CUCS-021-94, 1994.

Expression

• B. Fasel, J. Luettin, "Automatic Facial Expression Analysis: A Survey," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 36, pp. 259-275, 2003.
• Y. Tian, T. Kanade, and J. F. Cohn, "Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 97-115, Feb. 2001.
• Y. Liu, K.L. Schmidt, J.F. Cohn, and R.L. Weaver, "Facial Asymmetry Quantification for Expression Invariant Human Identification," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 208-214, 2002.

Pose

• K. Okada, and C. von der Malsburg, "Pose-Invariant Face Recognition with Parametric Linear Subspaces," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 71-76, 2002.
• K. Okada, S. Akamatsu, and C. von der Malsburg, "Analysis and Synthesis of Pose Variations of Human Faces by a Linear PCMAP Model and its Application for Pose-Invariant Face Recognition System," Proceedings of International Conference on Automatic Face and Gasture Recognition, pp. 142-149, 2000.
• S. Z. Li, X. Peng, X. Hou, H. Zhang, and Q. Cheng, "Multi-View Face Pose Estimation Based on Supervised ISA Learning," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 107-121, 2002.
• R. Gross, I. Matthews, and S. Baker, "Eigen Light-Fields and Face Recognition Across Pose", Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 3-9, 2002.
• B. Gokberk, L. Akarun, and E. Alpaydm, "Feature Selection for Pose Invariant Face Recognition", Proceedings of ICPR, 306-309, 2002.
• V. Blanz, S. Romdhani, and T. Vetter, "Face Identification across Different Poses and Illuminations with a 3D Morphable Model," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 202-207, 2002.
• S. Gutta, V. Philomin, and M. Trajkovic, "An Investigation into the use of Partial-Faces for Face Recognition," Proceedings of International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 33-38, 2002.
• Y. Chang, and Y. Chen, "Textured Polygonal Model Assisted Facial Model Estimation from Image Sequence," Proceedings of ICIP, pp. 106-109, 2001.
• P. Yao, and G. Evans, and A. Calway, "Using Affine Correspondence to Estimate 3-D Facial Pose," Proceedings of ICIP, pp. 919-922, 2001.
• S. Z. Li, Q. Fu, L. Gu, B. Scholkopf, Y. Cheng, and H. Zhang, "Kernel Machine Based Learning for Multi-View Face Detection and Pose Estimation," Proceedings of ICCV, pp. 674-679, 2001.
• F. Wallhoff, S. Muller, and G. Rigoll, "Hybrid Face Recognition Systems for Profile Views Using the Mugshot Database," Proceedings of IEEE ICCV Workshop on Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems, pp. 149-156, 2001.
• F. Wallhoff, S. Muller, and G. Rigoll, "Recognition of Face Profiles from the Mugshot Database Using A Hybrid Connectionist/HMM Approach," Proceedings of ICASSP, pp. 1489-1492, 2001.
• W. Zhao, and R. Chellappa, "SFS Based View Synthesis for Robust Face Recognition," In 4th IEEE Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Grenoble, France, pp. 285 --292, 2000.
  
• R. Gross, J. Yang, and A. Waibel, "Growing Gaussian Mixture Models for Pose Invariant ProceeFace Recognition," Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 1088-1091, 2000.
• Y. Gao, M.K.H. Leung, W. Wang and S.C. Hui, "Fast Face Identification under Varying Pose from A Single 2-D Model View," IEE Proceedings of Vision, Image, and Signal Processing, Vol. 148, No. 4, pp. 248-253, Aug. 2001.
• M. C. Lincoln, and A. F. Clark, "Towards Pose-Independent Face Recognition," IEE Colloquium on Visual Biometrics, pp. 1-5, 2000.
• G. J. Edwards, C. J. Taylor, and T. F. Cootes, "Improving Identification Performance by Integrating Evidence from Sequences," Proceedings of CVPR, 1999.
• D. B. Graham, and N. M. Allison, "Norm2-Based Face Recognition," IEEE, 1999.
• A. Talukder, and D. Casasent, "Pose-Invariant Recognition of Faces at Unknown Aspect Views," Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Vol. 5, 3286-3290, 1999.
• M. W. Lee and S. Ranganath, "3D Deformable Face Model for Pose Determination and Face Synthesis," Proceedings of Image Analysis, pp. 260-265, 1999.
• D. B. Graham, and N. M. Allinson, "Face Recognition from Unfamiliar Views: Subspace Methods and Pose Dependency," Proceedings of Inernational Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 348-353, 1998.
• Z. Biuk, and S. Loncaric, "Face Recognition from Multi-Pose Image Sequence," Proceedings of Image and Signal Processing and Analysis, pp. 319-324. 2001.
• S. Duvdevani-Bar, S. Edelman, A. J. Howell, and H. Buxton, "A Similarity-Based Method for the Generalization of Face Recognition over Pose and Expressioin," Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 118-123, 1998.
• K. Hattori, S. Matsumori, and Y. Sato, "Estimating Pose of Human Face Based on Symmetry Plane Using Range and Intensity Images," Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 1183-1187, 1998.
• Y. Li, S. Gong, and H. Liddell, "Modelling Faces Dynamically Across Views and Over Time," Proceedings of ICCV, pp. 554-559, 2001.
• S. Romdhani, S. Gong, and A. Psarrou, "A Generic Face Appearance Model of Shape and Texture Under Very Large Pose Variations from Profile to Profile Views," Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 1060-1063, 2000.
• S. Gong, S. McKenna, and J. J. Collins, "An Investigation into Face Pose Distributions," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp.265-270, 1996.
• E. Lange and K. Kyuma, "Real-time Facial Pose Estimation Using Eigenspace Analysis in a Low-Dimensional Projection-Domain Image Representation," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, pp. 330-335, 1999.

3D Face

• Yingjie Wang; Chin-Seng Chua; Yeong-Khing Ho; Ying Ren, "Integrated 2D and 3D images for face recognition", Proceedings of International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, pp. 48-53, 2001.
• I. Weiss, and M. Ray, "Model-Based Recognition of 3D Objects From Single Images", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 116-128, Feb. 2001.
• D. Nandy, and J. Ben-Arie, "Recovery of 3-D Face structure Using Recognition," Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 1104-1108, 2000.
• G. Wei, and G. Hirzinger, "Parametric Shape-from-Shading by Radial Basis Functions", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 353-365, April 1997.

Face Age

• A. Lanitis, C. J. Taylor, and T. F. Cootes, "Toward Automatic Simulation of Aging Effects on Face Images", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 24, No. 4,pp. 442-455, April, 2002.

Gender

• K. B. Loria, and V. Atalay, "PCA for Gender Estimation: Which Eigenvectors Contribute?", Proceedings of ICPR, 2002.

Face Recognition From Video

• Y. Li, S. Gong, and H. Liddell, "Video-Based Online Face Recognition Using Identity Surfaces," Proceedings of IEEE ICCV Workshop on Recogntion, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems, pp. 40-46, 2001
• V. Kruger, Z. Shaohua, "Exemplar-based face recognition from video", Proceedings of IEEE, Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 182-187, 2002.
• Z. Shaohua, V. Krueger, and R. Chellappa, "Face recognition from video: a CONDENSATION approach", Proceedings of IEEE, Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 221-226, 2002.
• B. Raytchev, and H. Murase, "Unsupervised face recognition from image sequences", Proceedings of IEEE, ICIP, Vol. 1, pp. 1042-1045, 2001.
• L. Chen, H. Liao and J. Lin, "Person identification using facial motion", Proceedings of IEEE, ICIP, Vol. 1, pp. 677-680, 2001.
• H.Wechsler, V. Kakkad, J. Huang, S. Gutta, and V. Chen, "Automatic video based person authentication using the rbf network", Proceedings of International Conference on Audio- and Video-based Biometric Person Authentication, pp. 85-92, 1997.
• S. McKenna and S. Gong. Non-intrusive person authentication for access control by visual tracking and face recognition. In Proc. IAPR International Conference on Audio-Video Based Biometric Person Authentication, pp. 177-184, Crans-Montana, Switzerland, March 1997.
• A. Howell, and H. Buxton, "Towards unconstrained face recognition from image sequences", Proceedings of British Machine Vision Conference, pp. 455-464, 1996.
• S. Nakamura, "Statistical Multimodal Integration for Audio-Visual Speech Processing," IEEE Transaction on Neural Networks, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 854-866, July 2002.
• S. Satoh, and N. Katayama, "An Efficient Implementation and Evaluation of Robust Face Sequence Matching," Proceedings of Image Analysis, pp. 266-271, 1999.

Face detection

• D. Maio, and D. Maltoni, "Real-Time Face Location on Gray-Scale Static Images", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 33, pp. 1525-1539, 2000.
• R. Feraud, O. J. Bernier, J. Viallet and M. Collobert, "A Fast and Accurate Face Detector Based on Neural Networks", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp.42-53, Jan. 2001.
• A. Mohan, C. Papageorgiou, and T. Poggio, "Example-Based Object Detection in Images by Components", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 349 -361, April 2001.
• K. Sung and T. Poggio, "Example-Based Learning for View-Based Human Face Detection", Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 39-51, Jan. 1998.
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